Inversion und reported speech

Dani2202 · Gast

Hallo!
Ich war jetzt eine Woche lang krank und wir haben neue Grammatik gemacht, und zwar die Inversion und die indirekte Frage.
Also, reported speech versteh ich ja eigentlich ganz gut, aber wie funktioniert denn das mit dem "backshift of tenses"?
Und zur Inversion: Des hab ich irgendwie net so ganz verstanden, was ist denn das und was muss ich dazu wissen bzw. was ist wichtig!

Wäre schön, wenn mir jemand weiterhelfen könnte!!!

Vielen Dank schonmal!!!!

Christina · Anmeldungsdatum: 30.09.2005 Beiträge: 131 Wohnort: Ruhrgebiet

Also, das mit dem Backshift of tenses ist gar nicht so kompliziert. Es ist nur wichtig darauf zu achten, dass das nur dann geschieht wenn das einleitende Verb schon in der Vergangenheit steht (zB "He said that....", bei "He says" bleibt alles wie es ist!)
Faustregel ist dass sich die Zeiten folgendermaßen verändern

simple present ---> simple past
( I think he is Irish --- She thought he was Irish)
(am/is/are ---> was/were)

simple past / present perfect ----> past perfect
(was/were ---> had been)
(bsp: My sister watched the match -- He said his sister had watched...
I have found a flat --- She says she had found a flat)

will --- > would (I will come --- She said she would come)
can --- could ( I think I can come ---- She tought she could come)
may ---- > might ( We may come later ---- They said they might come later)

WENN etwas schon im past perfect steht (zB. I had already found her before I went) dann BLEIBT ES wie es ist. Das gilt auch für would, could, should und might -- bleiben unverändert

Noch was nicht verstanden?? Dann sag mir bescheid!
Oh...wenn es im present tense ist bleibt es auch!! "My sister has English lessons" -- She says her sister has English lessons"

Fragen bildet man zB mit "if" oder einfach umstellen...
BSP:
Where is the nearest post office, please?? -- He wants to know where the nearest post office is
Do you play poker? my mum asked him --- His mum asked him if he played poker

Grüße

Christina · Anmeldungsdatum: 30.09.2005 Beiträge: 131 Wohnort: Ruhrgebiet

Jetzt hab ich glatt übersehen, dass du ja auch Inversion wissen wolltest.

inversion benutzt man immer wenn der Satz mit einem einschränkenden Adverb begonnen wird....mh...wenn ich mal meine Liste wiederfinde schreib ich dir gerne noch alle auf...aber es ist schwer die alle aus dem Kopf zu sagen.

Funktioniert übrigens folgendermaßen:
du weisst ja, dass die normale satzstruktur im Englischen S-V-O ist (Subjekt-verb-objekt) und diese drei auch nicht getrennt werden dürfen. Bei der Inversion macht man darauf aber V-S-O...das Verb wird also vorangestellt (bzw das Hilfsverb) ...zB...
*denk* grübelnd

He didn't know a lot about it ----- könnte man folgendermaßen sagen:
Little did he know about it

I haven't given such a long explanation for a long time--- Seldom has she given such a long explanation.

Never would I do this on purpose

At no time did I intend to do harm.

Dir fällt vielleicht auf --- man könnte die Adverbien auch einfach woanders hinstellen, und einen ganz normalen Satz machen. Richtig!! Bei der Inversion kommt es nur auf die Betonung an. Man könnte sie eher als Stilmittel bezeichnen! Wenn das Adverb zur Betonung vorangestellt wird, DANN muss du Subjekt und Verb austauschen.
BSP vergleiche mal die beiden folgenden Sätze: es geht hier nur um den Stil, wie gesagt:
I hardly ever thought that leaving school would be such a sad event
Hardly ever did I think leaving school would be such a sad event

es gibt zwar auch weitere Fälle, aber in der Schule lernt ihr erstmal nur dieses mit den einschränkenden Adveren!

Bsps für diese verben hast du oben ja schon ein paar:
seldom
never
at no time
in no way
under no circumstances
not often
hardly ever
on no account...so was ;-)

Bei Fragen: trauen smile

Hoffe es hilft dir schonmal??

Christina

Ulli · Ehrenmoderator Anmeldungsdatum: 03.07.2004 Beiträge: 1389

@Dani22

: noch eine kleine Hilfe

http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/grammar/archive/inversion01.html

Btw Christina: thx für deine hilfreichen Antworten Augenzwinkern

Gast

Ich bin aus Polen und ich mochte hilfen. Ich bin ein Lehrerin so smile

INVERSION
Conditionals
TYP 1 We’ll go for a walk tomorrow if the weather is nice.
Should the weather be nice tomorrow, we will go for a walk.
TYP 2 If I were you I would listen to your friends.
Were I you, I would listen to your friends.

TYP 3 If you had listened to me it wouldn’t have happened.
Had you listened to me it wouldn’t have happened.

HARDLY EVER
They hardly ever managed to meet unobserved
Hardly ever did they manage to meet unobserved.

HARDLY…WHEN
The performance had hardly begun when the lights went out.
Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.

NO SOONER …THAN
He had no sooner drunk the coffee than he began to feel sick.
No sooner had he drunk the coffee than he began to feel sick.
NEVER
I had never before been asked to accept a bribe.
Never before had I been asked to accept a bribe.

NOT ONLY
They not only rob you, they smash everything too.
Not only do they rob you, they smash everything.

NOT TILL
He did not realize that he had lost it till he got home.
Not till he got home did he realize that he had lost it.

ON NO ACCOUNT
This switch must not be touched on any account.
On no account must this switch be touched.

ONLY BY
He was able to make himself heard only by shouting.
Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.

NOWHERE
You will not find anywhere better roses than these.
Nowhere will you find better roses than these

SO
He became so tired that he had to take a break.
So tired did he become that he had to take a break.
NOT
Not a single word did he say for a whole hour.

andere phrase :
*Not even once
*Rarely
*Not a sound
*Not a word
*Little
*Seldom
*So badly
*Under no circumstances
*In no other way
*Only in this way
*No longer
*At no time
*At no other time
*Such
*So great
*To such extremes/ a degree/ a point

1)We use inversion after 'negative' adverbs which emphasize a time relationship at the beginning of a sentence:
*No sooner I had I put the phone down THAN it rang.
*Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had I got my breath back when it was time to go again.
2)We use inversion after phrases that use "not":
*Not until he apologises will I speak to him again
3)We use inversion after some time phrases that use "only":
*Only later did she realise what had happened.
*Only then did I remember he hadn't got his keys.
4)we use inversion after "negative" adverbs which emphasize frequency at the beginning of a sentence:
*Never have I been so taken aback.
*Little do I know about him.
*Rarely do they fail.
*Seldom am I happy.
*Hardly ever does he wear a suit.
*Nowhere was a replacement to be found.
5)with phrases that use 'no':
*In no way should this be regarded as an end of the matter.
*on no account are you to repeat this no anyone.
*Under no circumstances should you cheat
*Under no circumstances can we accept the offer.